Purpose: The present study aims to identify and explain the futures of Iranian PROVINCEs in the competition for the development of NBIC technological convergence (synergy between nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences) with a focus on YAZD PROVINCE. Method: This research, which has been conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach, is classified as an exploratory futures-study. In this way, the relevant research records were first reviewed to compile a list of drivers in the development of convergent technologies. The list was then refined and prioritized to identify two key drivers, with the Delphi process attended by fourteen experts. By intersecting the uncertainties of these two drivers, four scenarios of the PROVINCE's future in technological convergence competition emerged. Findings: The two key drivers affecting the success of the PROVINCE in the competition for convergent technologies are: the rate of development of the innovation ecosystem and the amount of financial resources allocated to this process. Based on this, four scenarios of the future situation of the PROVINCE in this field were identified, which have been named as "Vanguard", "Buyer", "Remnant" and "Hired". Conclusion: In order for the PROVINCEs to be able to succeed in the forthcoming competitions in the production and operation of convergent technologies, it is necessary to plan for strengthening the ecosystem infrastructure from now; at the same time, it is necessary to make efficient efforts to provide sufficient financial resources for the research and commercialization of these technologies.

To determine the incidence and prevalence of clinical keratoconus (KCN) in YAZD PROVINCE.In this population-based survey, a surveillance program was established in YAZD PROVINCE (population=990, 818).All new clinically diagnosed cases of KCN were registered and referred for topographic imaging during one year (2008 - 2009) by all local ophthalmologists and optometrists. Whom residing less than six months in the PROVINCE and those with known KCN before the beginning of the study were excluded. Diagnosis was based on topographic pattern (TMS-4a, Tomey, Japan) and indices including KPI, KCI and KSI and re-examination by an anterior segment sub-specialist. Finally, referred patients were classified into five groups, including: clinical KCN, early KCN, KCN suspect PMD (pellucid marginal degeneration), and non-KCN corneal diseases. Incidence rate was calculated as the number of new cases divided by the PROVINCE population and the prevalence was based on the Iranian life-expectancy (73 years).During the study period, 685 patients were referred. Of these, 149 were excluded and 28 patients did not attend topographic imaging (95% response rate). Topographic images showed suspect or definite patterns for KCN in 47.76% of participants (256/536 subjects).After re-examination the number of subjects with clinical and early KCN, PMD, and suspect KCN was 108, 72, 9, and 20, respectively; 8 patients had other corneal disorders. Among the 39 patients not participating in the re-examination and based on topographic images, 32, 6, and one person were classified as KCN, suspect and non-KCN, respectively. Consequently, the annual incidence rates of KCN in YAZD PROVINCE were calculated as 22.3 (excluding suspects) and 24.9 (including suspects) in 100, 000 and the prevalence was 1.4% and 1.55% excluding and including suspects, respectively.The incidence of KCN in YAZD PROVINCE is noticeable and consistent with other studies on Asian ethnic groups. It is much higher than the incidence in European Caucasians and warrants further genetic and environmental studies.

Water is an essential goods for household and also an important input or intermediate product for firms. The value of water in production can be attributed to its ability to create goods and services. YAZD PROVINCE is one of the industrial PROVINCEs as well as one of the low water PROVINCEs of the country. Therefore, the present study investigates water consumption in YAZD PROVINCE industries during the period 1995-2015. While the value added of industry has grown on average about 9 percent annually, water consumption is increased approximately 29 percent that reflecting inadequate water consumption and management. Production function estimated using panel data regression. The findings show that the value of marginal product of water in YAZD PROVINCE industries is much higher than the price paid. First the industry sector receives a rent from the low price of water, and second, the problem of water-intensive industry development and the improper management of water resources can be explained.

Recognition of the autecology of plants and understanding their importance in soil protection, as well as forage production for livestock, is a proper strategy for management, conservation, and development of renewable natural resources, specially vegetation. This investigation was carried out on autecology of Stipagrostis pennata in YAZD PROVINCE. For this plant, ecological characteristics such as geographic distribution, climatic properties, topography, and soil were studied. Also phenology and root system of the plant were examined. For this purpose, three study sites of Mansoorieh (in Tabas area), Masjed-e-shokr (beside YAZD-Tabas high way), and Bafgh were determined. The results showed that Stipagrostis pennata is a psammophyte plant with standing stems and branches. This plant grows in low-height sand dunes and sandy hills. Elevation range for areas in which this plant grows is 700-1600 meters above sea level. Measure of soil acidity (pH) is 8.25-8.53 and electrical conductivity (EC) is 0.48 to 1.2 ds. This species starts its vegetative growth at the end of February and flowers in early May. Its seeds ripen in mid June. During summer and autumn, the plant is in dormancy stage. Due to high aerial organs, Stipagrostis pennata has a good resistance against sandy storms and winds. So it is highly recommended for mobile sand dune stabilization and control of soil erosion in desert areas.  It also produces a fairly good amount of forage for livestock and wildlife.

The central issue of the present paper is the study of the causes of the mother tongue decline in the Sahne city in Kermanshah PROVINCE. The issue of language is beyond the dialect of people and is refer to the form of life and the matter of macroeconomic and political relations. From this perspective, the form of life and the language associated with it explain the praxis of the members of the society. The appropriate method of examining the problem should be able to analyze the justification of agents to their situation, that is why Grounded Theory is chosen as the method of this research and data analysis is taken from abduction reasoning. The results of the analysis introduced the categories of globalizing, modernizing, de-use of language, economic necessity and the government as the most important factors of local language fading. In this essay the meaning of globalization is the globalizing of special type of economic relation that explain other categories role in the process of fading of languages.

In order to determine the most suitable pomegranate cultivar for YAZD PROVINCE and the same climatic area, 11 cultivars of YAZD commercial pomegranates cultivars have been compared in a randomized complete block design with four replications in YAZD Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, from 2001 to 2005. Data was analyzed for every factor separately by MSTAT-C software yearly. Compound analysis was done, too. The results showed that differences among yield, marketing, resistance to Spectrobates ceratoniae, fruit rot, cracking and sunburn were significant at probability level of %1. In addition, results indicated that difference among years was significant for yield, sunburn, cracking, Spectrobates ceratoniae infection and fruit rot. Goroch-e-Tafti and Shahvar-e-Daneh-Sefid cultivars had the highest and lowest yield, respectively. Malas-e-Daneh-Siah was the most resistant cultivar to Spectrobates ceratoniae and Gabri-e-Daneh-Siah was the most sensitive cultivar (mean %4.8 and %47.8 of infection, respectively). From point of sunburn, Shahvar-e-Daneh-Sefid was most susceptible (average %41.4 of sunburn) and Gabri-e-Daneh-Siah was the most resistant cultivar( 1.38% of sunburn). Abanmahi was the most sensitive cultivar to cracking, and Malas-daneh-Siah, Gabri-e-Daneh-Siah as well as Shahvar-e-Daneh Ghermez were in resistant group. The Gabri-Daneh-Siah was the most of sensitive cultivar from point of fruit rot. Totally, Esfahni-Daneh-Ghermez, Malas-e-Daneh-Siah and Shahvar-e-Daneh-Sefid were the most popular cultivars from viewpoint of marketing. In the final classification, the Malas-e-Daneh-Siah and Shahvar-e-Daneh-Ghermez considered as a superior group. Malas-e-Daneh-siah has subacid taste and Shahvar-e-Daneh-Ghermez is sweet.

The present article studies and analyses the employment process in YAZD PROVINCE in the 20 year period of 1355 to 1375 and its future planning up to the year 1400. Research models and computer softwares have been used. In the period under study, the employment rate in YAZD PROVINCE has been higher than that of the whole country and some 4715 Job opportunities have been created. However, only 11.7 percent of the employees are working in their field of specialty. The most successful section in job creation is the financial and commercial section. With the creation of one Job opportunity, there have been 7.1 individual employments in the financial -commercial section, 3.1 in construction industry and 3 in services section. It is expected that YAZD PROVINCE requires 8148 Job opportunities annually. These jobs can be created provided that the restrictions on services and industry sections are reduced, the economic growth rate reaches about 5.6 percent, the necessary investment in the productive activities are enforced and increased and finally rules and regulations as well as management procedures are improved and stabilized.

Introduction: Family Physicians project aims to promote healthy families and reduce treatment costs began in rural area and operating in most of rural area of country. The goal of this plan is to organize health insurance for well defined population in rural area.Method: In this descriptive-analytical study 80 family physicians working in rural health centers in YAZD PROVINCE were questioned about training needs.Result: The most important educational needs of family physicians are environmental hazards in the workplace and identify and manage patients with mental and physical disabilities. Also 54.3% of physicians reported that the gap between theory training in student period and expectation from them in family physicians project is high or very high.Conclusion: The gap between theory and practical training in the GP training is high with the expectation from family physicians and this needs to revised the curriculum of GP training which approved by the ministry of health.